COVID-19 school closures and adolescent mental health: Evidence from Mozambique

This study explores the impacts of COVID-19 on adolescent well-being in rural Mozambique, focusing on variations in pandemic-related shocks and educational policies. Surveying 1,383 seventh graders (60% girls) in Nampula province, the study found that many adolescents faced household-level shocks such as job loss, migration, and hunger, contributing to higher anxiety and lower well-being. Interestingly, lower socioeconomic status households reported less anxiety, suggesting non-agricultural households experienced greater losses. School distance learning measures and stronger support networks were associated with better mental health outcomes. Despite challenges, the implementation of learning measures during school closures helped reduce anxiety and depression, underscoring the importance of psychosocial support and continued learning during disruptions.