Strengthen PSNP4 Institutions and Resilience 1 (SPIR 1) was a Resilience Food Security Activity (RFSA) funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance. SPIR 1 was implemented by World Vision, Care International, and Organization for Rehabilitation and Development in Amhara (ORDA), and had activities in two Ethiopian regions: Amhara and Oromia.
To improve water point reliability, SPIR worked across a number of complementary areas including improving tariff collection, enhancing the participation of low-income households in water management committees, improving private sector capacity to carry out operation and maintenance, and introducing financial innovation such as local insurance products for water points. Outcomes included improved water point functionality, better-informed community participation, and establishment of viable private sector service providers that work with local government to respond to breakdowns more efficiently.
